PARTS OF SPEECH

i.Nouns       ii. Pronouns   iii. Verbs    iv. Adverbs    v. Prepositions     vi. Articles      vii.Conjuction   viii. Interjection    ix. Adjectives

NOUNS

Are the words used as names of a persons, places and things.

Types of Nouns

v  Common Nouns

v  Abstruct Nouns

v  Proper Nouns

v  Collective Nouns

1. Common Nouns

Are names of people and things.

For example: Jane, Ally, Stone, Table, Chair etc.

2. Proper Nouns

Are nouns which name places and particular person institutions.

For example: Tanzania, Arusha, Hospital, University, etc.

3. Abstruct Nouns

Are nouns which name thins which cannot be seen.

For example: Oxygen, Love, Happiness, and Air etc.

4. Collective nouns

Are nouns of thins and group of people.

For example: School, Animals, Parliament etc.

PRONOUNS

Are words which used instead nouns.

Types of pronouns

v  Personal pronouns

v  Possessive pronouns

v  Relative pronouns

v  Distributive pronouns

v  Interrogative pronouns

v  Emphatic pronouns

v  Reflexive pronouns

v  Definitive pronouns

v  Demonstrative pronouns

Personal pronouns

Are pronouns which refer to people or things.

For example: I, you, him, me and her (are used as personal pronouns)

                      I gave him a book.

PERSON	SINGULAR	PLURAL
1st   Person	I	We
2nd   Person	You	You
3rd   Person	He,She,It	They

Relative pronouns

Are pronouns which refer back to people or things.

For example: who, whom, whose and which (are used as relative pronouns)

                      This is a boy who killed a snake.

                      The car which I brought yesterday was stolen.

                      The man whose car is red is my brother.

Possessive pronouns

Are pronouns which show possession of something in a sentence.

For example; Belong, Mine, Yours (are used as possessive pronouns)

                      It is mine,  It is belong to you,  Is yours.

Distributive pronouns

Are pronouns which refer to persons or thing at one at a time, for this reason they are always singular and such followed by a verb in singular.

For example: Each, Either  etc

                      Each person will be given present.

Interrogative pronouns

Are pronouns which used to ask question.

For example: What, where etc

                       What is your name?

                       Where are you going?

Emphatic pronouns

Are pronouns which used to show emphasis.

For example: Yourself, Himself, Themselves

                       I myself killed the Dog

                      You yourself can explain it to me.

Reflexive pronouns

Are pronouns which show the reflection of something.

For example: I myself go to the Church.

                      I saw the Dog myself.

Definitive pronouns

Are pronouns which used to talk about a person or thing indefinitely.

For example: Anybody, somebody, none, everybody, nothing

                      None of my parents are educated.

                      Nothing is so sweet like honey.

Demonstrative pronouns

Are pronouns which used to show demonstration in a sentence.

For example: This, that, these and those

SINGULAR	PLURAL
This	These
That	Those

VERBS

Are words which show actions.

For example: Go, Wash, Play, Kick etc

Types of verbs

v  Regular verbs

v  Irregular verbs

Regular verbs

These are verbs which has “ed” in their past tense.

For example:

Play-Played

Start-Started

Cook-Cooked

Wash-Washed

Enjoy-Enjoyed

Irregular verbs

These are verbs which change in their past tense.

Go – Went

Catch – Caught

Do – Did

Write – Wrote

Think – Thought

ADVERBS

Usually describe or limit verbs, adjectives or other adverbs, may also modify pronouns, numerals, phrases or entire sentence.

Types of adverbs

v  Sentence adverbs

v  Time adverbs

v  Frequency adverbs

v  Place adverbs

v  Manner adverbs

v  Degree adverbs

Sentence adverbs

Adverbs standing at the beginning of sentence sometimes modify the whole sentence rather than particular word.

For example: Evidently the figures are incorrect.

                       Luckly the escaped unhurt.

Time adverbs

They show when an action took place.

For example: I have heard this yesterday.

                       I joined University two years ago.

Frequency adverbs

Show how often an action takes place.

For example: Once, often, seldom, always.

                      Always the government separates area for industries.

Place adverbs

Show where an action work place.

For example: Here, There, Inside, Outside.

                       Ice cream is found there.

Manner adverbs

Show how or in what manner an action of the verb was done.

For example: Slowly, fastly, quckly etc.

                       The student was walking slowly.

Degree adverbs

Adverbs which modify adjectives.

For example: Enough too, so completely etc.

                      The work was so completely since day before yesterday.

PREPOSITIONS

Are words which show relationship between a noun and pronoun.

For example: I left my book on the chair.

                      Faraja is in the car.

Types of prepositions

v  Preposition of time

v  Preposition of place

v  Preposition of direction

Preposition of time

Shows the time when something was/will be done

Simple prepositions

These are prepositions such as on, in, from, after, before, off etc

 For example: I left my book on the chair.

                       Faraja is in the car.

Complex prepositions

These are prepositions which contain two or more words.